- Big data and Companion Diagnostics
Big data has the potential to transform medical diagnostics in India by providing extensive patient data for precise diagnoses and personalized treatments. The use of algorithms incorporating big data is gaining momentum, requiring large datasets with genetic and clinical information. Companies like Foundation Medicine and Illumina are leveraging this approach for their products, emphasizing the growing role of big data in healthcare.
- Artificial intelligence (AI) in Precision Medicine.
The widespread application of artificial intelligence (AI) in predictive diagnostics and precision medicine is driven by large, continuously collected molecular profiling datasets and wearable medical devices. Companies like Amplion and Deep Genomics are utilizing AI in products such as Dx:Revenue™ and applying machine learning to provide insights in pharmaceutical partnerships and streamline drug discovery through genomic data analysis.
- Biomarker testing in Cancer Research and Precision Medicine
Biomarkers in cancer research offer a strategic opportunity for technological advancements in precision medicine, aiming to improve human health and reduce healthcare costs. They can be predictive or prognostic, guiding specific therapeutic interventions. While biomarker research is still evolving, their increased usage in clinical trials is crucial to minimize the risk of failure in developing oncological drugs.
- Evolution of Sequencing Technologies: Next-generation sequencing (NGS)
Advancements in sequencing technologies, particularly from Sanger to second-generation methods like Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS), have revolutionized genomics. NGS offers rapid, accurate, and automated whole-genome sequencing, enabling a deeper understanding of cancer’s molecular basis. Companies like Illumina and ThermoFisher are at the forefront, providing diverse NGS technologies to support personalized treatments tailored to individual genetic alterations.
- Revolutionizing Tumor Diagnosis: Liquid Biopsies in Precision Medicine
Non-invasive tumor diagnostics, particularly through liquid biopsies, signify a crucial shift in precision medicine. Invasive methods like tissue biopsies are limited by heterogeneity, invasiveness, and inadequate sampling. Liquid biopsies, detecting circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in plasma, offer a less invasive alternative. Key companies like Roche, Amoy, Sysmex, and Illumina are contributing liquid biopsy solutions for identifying cancer biomarkers, enhancing personalized treatment options.
Challenges and Limitations
Companion diagnostics, despite their numerous advantages in personalized medicine, come with specific drawbacks. A significant drawback is the financial aspect, as these diagnostics can be costly. Additionally, ethical dilemmas may arise with the use of companion diagnostics. Furthermore, the accessibility of data can limit the effectiveness of companion diagnostics. Due to the proprietary nature of these tests, conducting extensive clinical studies and obtaining the necessary data for validation can be challenging. A few such challenges and solutions by different players have been shown in Exhibit 4.
